Jean astruc 16841766 claimed the pentateuch to hold only. Jean astruc project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. The work that brought his views to the attention of the. According to martin noths view of the sources,9 the following criteria had to be. Documentary hypothesis the documentary hypothesis began with the speculations of jean astruc 16841766, who suggested that he could uncover the sources of the pentateuch by using the divine names yahweh the lord and elohim god as a guide. Critical methods of bible interpretation flashcards quizlet. Jean astruc, obstetrics, and biblical criticism in eighteenthcentury france ana m. It was in the mid1600s that the dutch philosopher benedict spinoza began to seriously question this widely held belief longman, 1994. Jean astruc identified the anonymous authors of the narratives of the pentateuch from an inductive study of the. In an effort to defend the books of moses, he noted the different contexts of elohim and yahweh hebrew names for god and proposed the documentary hypothesis, that genesis was based on several ancient sources. Following simon, jean astruc 16841766 expressed the view that two separate sources appear in the book of genesis, one that used elohim god and the other the divine name yahweh lord. Other scholars, such as eichhorn and dewette elaborated upon his ideas. Nevertheless, further attacks on the mosaic authorship of the pentateuch began taking hold in france through jean astruc, whose book.
Julius wellhausen then restated grafs documentary hypothesis and brought. According to the documentary hypothesis, this source accounts for the bulk of the narrative and legal instruction of the pentateuch. The documentary hypothesis was developed in the 19th century by several scholars. His work was the beginning of pentateuchal sourcecriticism proper. The documentary hypothesis began when jean astruc 16841766 came to believe that he could uncover the sources of the pentateuch by using the divine names yahweh and elohim as a guide. Apologetics press are there two creation accounts in. The source critic reads the book of genesis, for example, and asks, where did the author get this information. The first real documentary hypothesis scholar to suggest the existence of a j or yahwist and e or elohist source for the pentateuch was the french physician jean astruc in 1753.
A critical assessment of the grafwellhausen documentary. The critics claim that all of these writings eventually were collected and combined by a redactor editor. Pdf sources, formation and sociohistorical context of. This theory, known as the documentary hypothesis, became popular in the 19th century when jean astruc, a french physician, claimed that he had isolated certain source authors in.
Source criticism is a specialized field of biblical studies that seeks to determine the sources used to develop the final form of the biblical text. Sources, formation and sociohistorical context of the. Alert to the differences in the uses of the names for god in the torah, elohim and. A history and critique of the documentary hypothesis and a. Start studying critical methods of bible interpretation. Jean astruc is said to have originated the documentary hypothesis when he affirmed that genesis. To understand where we are, it is importantbrieflyto look at from where we have. Jean astruc 1753 suggested isolating documents on basis of variation of name. Pdf the historicalcritical method has given birth to many approaches to the study of the bible. Astruc claimed that the deity was known by two different names, yahve yahweh and elohim eloahim and that these two different names were the products of two different traditions. Both diachronic and synchronic approaches, documentarian and supplementarian approaches c.
His approach was based on the german philosophy of hegel and the application of the evolution principle, i. Jean astruc lahir di sauve, prancis, 19 maret 1684 meninggal di paris, 5 mei 1766 pada umur 82 tahun adalah seorang profesor bidang kedokteran di montpellier dan paris, yang menulis makalah bagus pertama mengenai penyakit sifilis dan sejumlah penyakit kelamin, serta sebuah buku yang diterbitkan secara anonim mengenai alkitab, yang berperan fundamental dalam. This view believes that the pentateuch represents the conflation of four different sources rather than the work of primarily one author, traditionally moses. Jean astruc, advanced the theory further by identifying the twodocument theory, which was. Source criticism and deconstructive criticism, in journal for the study of the old testament jun 2002. Jean astruc 16841766 expressed the view that two separate sources appear in the book of genesis, one that used elohim god and the other. Introduction to the hebrew bible, third edition the. Why the documentary hypothesis is the frankenstein of biblical studies, sbjt 5 2001. Alert to the differences in the uses of the names for god in the torah, elohim and jehovah, astruc suggested that moses wrote genesis and exodus in 4 columns, 2 of which were distinguished by using different names for god. As this hypothesis was developed by a number of jewish and theologically liberal christian scholars in the late 17th to the late 19th centuries, there were a number of different proposals of who wrote what and when. Origins of the bibleold testament part iii documentary hypothesis. Evolutional arguments of jedp documentary hypothesis the critical study of the pentateuch started in eighteen century, with source critical approach to the study of the pentateuch. One of the forerunners of the documentary hypothesis was jean astruc, a.
The documentary hypothesis also uses the shorthand r for the redactor or editor who brought together the j, e, p and dtr material into a single set of writings we know as the torah. Pentateuch oxford research encyclopedia of religion. A lack of consensus in the last 30 years of scholarship b. Jean astruc 16841766 a frenchman named jean astruc attempted to use the divine names to analyze the book of genesis. Death of jean astruc, a pioneer in the study of venereal diseases and of biblical criticism. As the originator of what came to be called the documentary hypothesis of the bible, his name heads every study of modern biblical criticism, although his exegetical writing is almost never actually read. Wellhausens conclusions in regard to the documentary hypothesis rested on a faulty presupposition regarding the history of israel. The jedp theory seeks to understand the authorship of the pentateuch in light of the documentary hypothesis.
Hypothesis or the documentary hypothesis emerged, giving a possible explanation to all the irregular fragments of scripture. The book of deuteronomy was recognized as substantially a distinct source. Nevertheless, the documentary hypothesis dominated pentateuchal study until the 1970s when the existence of e began to be questioned and j was dated to the postexilic period. Development of the documentary hypothesis c arls td. According to astruc, moses compiled genesis by dividing up these ancient memoirs that he had access to and reassembling them so as to provide a continuous narrative. French physician jean astruc developed the original documentary hypothesis in 1753, and it went through many different alterations until karl graf revised the initial hypothesis in the midnineteenth century. The documentary hypothesis the documentary hypothesis is a theory that challenges the authorship of the pentateuch by moses. The documentary hypothesis began with the speculations of jean astruc. In his book he argued that in composing these chapters moses quoted. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sir william osler, jean astruc and the higher criticism 1912. The characteristics the j source can be identified by the use of yahweh in gen 2 and the e source can be identified by the use of elohim in gen 1. Astrucs observation was gradually developed by later scholars into a fullfledged documentary hypothesis, which addressed the composition of the entire pentateuch.
Henning witter a german minister, jean astruc a french professor of medicine, and johann eichhorn a known and respected scholar. Julius wellhausen and the new documentary hypothesis. Critical history of the documentary hypothesis bcresources. How the bible was discovered to be a collection of contradictory texts did moses write the torah. Jean astruc 16841766, a medical doctor from paris and father of source criticism, first postulated two sources behind the mosaic work of genesis. Apologetics press mosaic authorship of the pentateuch. The documentary source theory states the belief that the first five books of the bible pentateuch, torah were not written by moses, but rather, four independent authors and a redactor. The death of the documentary hypothesis january 26. Origins of the bibleold testament part iii documentary. One of the forerunners of the documentary hypothesis was jean astruc, a french physician who became interested in the way in which god is referred to by two different names, yahweh and elohim, in genesis and the early chapters of exodus. In norman gottwalds defense of the documentary hypothesis, he cited the. Merrill, anhistorical survey of the old testament, 2. French physician, jean astruc, as the first truly higher critical investigation of the 10 daniel b. In 1780 johann eichhorn, building on the work of the french doctor and exegete jean astrucs conjectures and others, formulated the older documentary hypothesis.
Hence, it is called the documentary hypothesis or the jedp model3. Astruc supposed that different source documents had been woven together in the composition of genesis. In 1753 astruc, on the basis of his study genesis, identified three sources in the text. Famous theories of historical criticism include the documentary hypothesis which suggests that the pentateuch was compiled from four different written sources, and different reconstructions of the historical jesus based primarily on the differences among the canonical gospels. Some portions utilize elohim as the name for god, while others use jehovah yahweh. French professor of medicine and court physician of louis xv.
French physician who became interested in the way in which god is referred to by. The german lutheran minister henning bernhard witter, the french physician for louis vx, jean astruc, and a professor of g. He placed passages that use the name elohim in one column a, those that use yahweh in another b, and passages with repetitions c and. While astruc never denied mosaic writership, he had observed that there seemed to be two sources for moses penning the early chapters of genesis. But a physician to king louis xiv named jean astruc 1753 first sought to isolate source documents and explain their relationship to one another. It asserts many authors wrote the first five books of the bible and did so many years after the events took place. One of the first was jean astruc who speculated that moses used existing written or oral sources to write the pentateuch. The distinguishing of the pentateuchal sources stated with jean astruc in 1753, he imagined that moses might have to do plagiarism by. French physician jean astruc developed the orig inal documentary hypothesis in 1753, and it went through many different alterations until karl graf revised the. It should be noted that the use of each of these alphabetical shorthand letters does not necessarily imply that there was a single individual who wrote all of any.
By analyzing a the use of different names of god, b stylistic differences, and c patterns, astruc saw clues of a composite or editorial structure. French physician, jean astruc, published conjectures on the original memoranda which it appears moses used to compose the book of genesis 1753, which proposed that the variations in gods name, yahweh or elohim, indicated that different sources were used for genesis. In 1753, a french physician named jean astruc began the modern study of source or literary analysis by writing a commentary on the book of genesis. How the bible was discovered to be a collection of. Documentary hypothesis by identifying which verses and parts of verses were authored by the various writers. Graf and refined and popularized by julius wellhausen. The jedp theory found its roots in jean astruc 16841766, who speculated that moses used existing written or oral sources in constructing genesis. The hypothesis derives from the belief that the pentateuch the first five books of the christian. Jean astruc was a professor of medicine at montpellier and paris, who wrote the first great. His hypothesis was based on historical evidence of postmosaic dating. So although the sources claim to talk about events from creation, actually, forward, wellhausen says, no, they really can only be used to tell us about the beliefs and religion of israel from the tenth century, which is when he thinks the oldest was written, and forward. He placed passages that use the name elohim in one column a, those that use yahweh. Jean astruc wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. The documentary hypothesisdefending moses authorship of.
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